Reinforced concrete construction.



M. E. CHAMBERLAIN. REINFORCED CONCRETE C ONSTRUCTIONJ APPLECATIQN FILEDFEB. 13, I915.

Patented Jan. 11, 1916 Lrmm.

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MINOR Y E. 'CHAMBEB.I AIN, OFILEBANOIN, iviissounr.

name-cacao concnern CONSTRUCTION.

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'Specificatioirof Letters Patent. I Pate itqgdl Jan 1,111, 1916.

Application filed February is, 1915. Serial iiolres T all whom it mayconcern:

'Be itknown thatL-MIXOR CHA BER- LAIN, a citizen of the United States,residing at the city of Lebanoi1,c'ouiity of La-.' 'clede, and State ofMissouri,- have invented a new and useful Reinforced Concrete Constructioii, of wliicli ,the following is a speci fication.

This invention relates to reinforced concrete construction, includingsuch structures as annular or polygonal walls, solid mono lithic bodiessuch as posts and the like, and

all other structures composed of concrete; which may be erected orformed in accordance -Wltl1 the principles hereinafter eX-- plained. Anobject of the invention-isto provide .aconcrete structure, composed ofsuitable upright reinforcement-s spaced according to the requirements ofthe structure to be formed and having metallic reinforcing latlissecured thereto and supporting walls. or wall faces of concrete betweenwhich an open space remains, it being intended that the open spacebetween the walls'm'ay be Ifilled with concrete so as to form amonolithic wall structure the :opposite surfaces of which comprise theconcrete firstsecured to the metallic: laths. Another object of theinvention is'to pro- V vide a concrete wall including parallel up rightreinforcing members for the outer surface, of the wall, correspondingparallel upright reinforcing members for. the. inner surface of thewall, metallic reinforc ng- 'members uniting the. outer uprights withthe corresponding inner uprights, metallic. laths secured to the outerand nner 1lp' rights,.respectively, two separate concrete wall portionsembedding the outer and inner laths', respectively, and leaving an openspace adapted to receive'concrte whereby the inner andouter wallportions may be monolithically united, the same constituting the form bywhich the concrete interposed between them will be held in place untilit has hardened.

A furtherobject is to proiide a concrete structure comprising .wallsconstructed as above explained, incombinatlen with transversereinforcing, elements connecting said walls and j supporting reinforcedconcrete floor structure.

Another object i's to provide an improved reinforcement for posts andthe like, comi ing a central reinforcing member, p rallel reinforcingmembers connected to the central member,- intallic reinforcementsextendingaround the series of reinforcements, .and concrete embedded andsupported by the last-named reinforcements, and forming a "central openspace adapted to receive concrete or not, as desired, whereby 'either" ahollow post' or a solid monolithic post' may be-produced, depending uponWhether] or not-the centralsp'ace is filled with concrete.

to be attained and accomplished by thein- 'vention'will be apparent fromthe follow-' ing description, reference being made to the-accompanying.drawmg in' which Figure 1 IS a sect onal" viewillustratlnga outer and 'inner wa'llsurface being monol tliicallyunited, and another wall, surface being shown without the concretefilling.

-Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the reinforcement'sbefore the concrete isapplied thereto. Fig. '3 is a sectional *viewjon the line 8-3 of Fig. 2.Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view on the 'line. l4 of Fig. 3. I Fig.5 is a per- Numerous othei objects and advantages portion of an annularwall of the shape ordinarily used m 81 105,121. portionof the.

spective" view illustrating-one of the elements by which the horizontalreinforce mentsare secured to the uprights. -.Fig. 6 isa horizontalsectional view of a structure having a--polygonal' wall, andillustrating thereinforcing devices by which a concrete floor is securedin place. Fig. 7 is a sectional view on the line 7'( of Fig. 8. Fig. 8

v is a view showing the outer (and inner upright reinforcements and;'the devices by which they are connected, and, also illustrating one ofthe'floor reinforcements, the horizontal reinforcements for the wallsand floor being shown in section. Fig.- 9 is a perspective Viewillustrating the means of securing .the horizontal reinforcements to thewalls and to the floor beams. Fig. 10 is a sectional View illustratingthe reinforcecalreinfdrcements- Fig. 15 is a similar view showing thehorizontal reinforcements secured in place, and also illustrating themeans for connecting the adjacent ends of the horizontal reinforcingmembers. Fig. 16 is a perspective view of one of the corner membersshowing portions of the horizom tal reinforcements attached thereto.Fig. 17

is a perspective view illustrating one of the members by which thecentral reinforcing member is connected to the corner reinforcingmembers. Fig. 18 is a sectional view of a portion of a post in which thespace formed by the outer wall structure is filled with concrete, thusproducing a solid monolithic reinforced post, this view also illus-.

tratinga different form of corner members. F1g. 19 1s a side elevationof a portionof one ofthe corner members illustrating the horizontalreinforcements secured thereto. Fig. 20 is a sectional view on the line2020 of Fig. 19. Fig. 21 is a sectional view of a portion of a solidreinforced concrete post illus-' trating a still different cornerstructure. Fig. 22 is a side elevation of the corner reinforcing memberembodied in Fig. 21, illustrating the horizontal reinforcements securedthereto. Fig. 23 is a sectional view on the line 2323 of Fig. 22.

.From the foregoing it will be understood that one specific embodimentof,the invention as it might be employed 'in an annular.

wall, is illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive; another specificembodiment of the invention as it might be employed in a polygonal wall,such, for instance, as the wall of a building, is illustrated in Figs. 6to 12 inclusiveyand a third specific embodiment of the invention as itmight be employed in the construction of posts and poles is illustratedin Figs. 13 to 23 inclusive. It will '-also'be understood that theparticular form of corner reinforcing members illustrated in Figs. 10,1.1 and 12 maybe utilized with equal advantage in the construction ofthe posts or poles.

In describing the different specific e m-- bodiments of the invention Iwill describesuch embodiments in the order above mentioned, it thusbeing necessary to make reference only to a single sheet of the drawingat any one time.

The structure illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, comprises an outerannular series of upright reinforcements, each. comprising a singlesheet folded to provide three perpendicularly disposed lateral wingsincluding one wing 1 of double thickness, and two wings 20f a singlethickness of the sheet. These uprights are arranged in annular serieswith the double wings 1 extending radi-- ally inwardly, and the wings 2of single thickness'of the serles of reinforcements bemg in annularalinement, as will be understood by reference to Figs. 1 and 4. Certainof the wings 2 are provided with integral tongues 3 by which thehorizontal sheet I tively.

provided with laterally extended portions 10 metal reinforcements 1 aresecured in place. I

Each horizontal reinforcement 4: is connected to the adjacent one in thesame plane,

preferably by a tongue or reduced portion 5 on one of said remforcementspassing through a slot near. the end of theadjacent reinforcement andthen being bent back in clamping position, as will be understood byreference to Fig. 2. There is also an inner annular series ofreinforcements, corre sponding in number and position to the outerseries. Each reinforcement of the inner series comprises a piece ofsheet metal folded to provide three perpendicularly disposed wings, thewing 6 of-which is of double thickness of the sheet and the two wings 7of which are of single thickness of the sheet. The wings 6 are extendedradially outwardly toward the wings-1 of the outer seriesofreinforcements, and the wings 7 of the inner series are in annularalinement. Each reinforcement of the, outer series is connected to acorresponding reinforcement of the inner series by a number ofreinforcing metallic connecting devices. Each connecting devicecomprises a pair of plates 8 attached together, by suitable bindingelements 9 and embracing the wings'l and 6 between their' outer andinner ends respec- The outer ends-of the plates 8 are bearing againstthe wings 2 of. single thickness on the outer reinforcements, and' theinner ends of said plates are provided with similar lateral extensions11 bearing against the wings 7 of single thickness on the inner'reinforcements. Horizontal metallic reinforcements 12 are placedagalnstthe inner surfaces of the inner reinforcements, and

.may be retained in position in the same way that the reinforcements 1are retained in.

position against the outer uprights. The reinforcements 4 and 12, andthe connecting reinforcements 8 are further secured in po-- wall portion15 is formed by placing a layer of concreteagainst and upon theouter-reinforcements'so as to engage and embed the horizontalreinforcen'ients 4, which will hold a the concrete until it becomeshardened. .When the concrete is applied in this manner there is-nonecessity for the use of a form or mold to confine the concrete, becausethe 13o concrete being in a plastic condition may be placed by means ofa trowel or the like,,similar to the manner that plaster walls are thatsaid reinforcements will be embedded thereby and will supportthe'concrete until 'tween the outer and innerablingeach of saidit-hardens. In a similar mannerv an inner concrete wall'cr Wall portion16- is formed in connection with, the inner reinforcements, the plasticconcrete being applied in the same way. The concrete of which the innerwall portion is formed is also forced into the spaces between thehorizontal reinforcements 1:2 and against the outer surfaces of said reinforcements, thus embedding said reinforcements and forming anefficient inner wall. The entire structure may thus be formed ifdesired, in which event the'structure will be composed in an outerreinforced concrete wall 15, and an inner reinforced. concrete wall l6,w'1th an intervening space between sa1dwalls, and the rigid metallicconnections 8 connecting the outerand inner walls andthus forming. arigid structure.

If found preferable inany instance the space between the outer and innerWalls may be filled with concrete as shown at 17 in Fig.1. The concretefiller l7 i'spl'aced belatter have hardened and form amonolith-ic unionwith the outer and inner was. This concrete filler also embeds themetallic connections 8 which connect theouter and inner reinforcements,and give rigidity to the outer and inner wall portions 15 and 1.6, en-

wall portions to strengthen and support the other. As a result ofthis'arrangement the outer and inner wall portions 15 and 16 will retainthe concrete which is placed therebetween as a filler while the filleris forming a monolithic union with said outer and inner walls. In thisway the necessity for the use, of. forms or molds to retain the concreteand to shape the wall surfaces is dispensed with, the metallicreinforcements holding the concrete pensive forms or molds. the plasticconcretebeing-- placed upon the outer and inner-reinforcemen-ts in a.well understood manner without the necessity of special training forsuch purpose;

"alls' after the scribed, each outer reinforcement being composed ofsheet metal folded to provide three.

perpendicularly disposed ings of which the wing 18 isof doublethickness. and the two wings 19 are of single thickness of'the alsocomposed. of sheet metal each comprising a sheet folded to provide threeperpen- 'dic-ularly disposedlateral wings, of which the wing 20 is ofdouble thickness and the .two wings 2lfa're of single thickness of thesheet. The outer and inner upright reinv t'orcements'are placed asuitable distance apart with the wings 18 and 20 of double thicknessextending toward each other-andv connected by metallic reinforcingmembers each of which includes two plates 22 embracing} the wings 18 and20 between their ends and provided with lateral-extensions 23. Theseplates 22 are secured, together by cutting or stamping therefrom tongues2% from one, plate which are pressed through similarly shaped holes inthe other plate and thereby fastening; two plates together. The lateralextensions 23 press against the lateral .wings 19 and 21/ The outer andinner upright reinforcements support a plurality of horizontalreinforcements 25 retained in position by tongues 26 and bypla'tes 27having extensions 28 extendingbetween said reinforcements 25 andclamping upon'the inner surface/of the wings 19 and 21 of single"thickness. The tongues :28 also clamp upon the lateral extensions 23,thus firmly con-' necting' the'outer and inner reinforcements so thateach'will afford strength to the other. In the huter corner reinforcing"members the wings 19 of singlethickness are formedat rightangles to eachother which will be understood by reference to Figs. 10 and 11. In theinner reinforcing members the-wings 21 of single thickness are alsoformed at right angles to each other, and in planes parallel with theplanes of the wings 19 of the outer corner members. Thewings 18 and 20of the corner reinforcements are con sheet. The inneruprightreinforce'mentsare the inner horizontal reinforcements 95 at thecorners. In this way there is formed an outer series of uprightreinforcements and a cooperating inner series of upright reinforcements,each seriesof uprights support- I mg a series of horizontalreinforcements 25.

The inner series 'ofreinforcements and the outer seriesof'remforcenients. are retained rigidly intheir proper relativeadjustments by the connecting plates 22.

lnner reinforcements applied thereto by means of a trowel or otherwise,and the outer and inner walls thus formed. are pernnttedto harden afterwhich I the intervening space is filled with a filler 31 of concretewhich forms a monolithic union between the outer and inner walls placedand formed in a preceding operation. A reinforced concrete floor mayalso be formed.

in monolithic union with the walls when desired. The remforcements forthe floor have then ends embedded in the wall structure,

and include a series oftransversereinforcing members which su-ppdrt anadditional series of reinforcements. Each transverse reinforcing membercomprises two metallic plates 35 placed side by side and having theirlower edges extended laterally to form wings 36 and their upper edgesalso extended laterally to form wings 3T. Said p l'a'tes arefastened'together by stamping tongues 38 from one of said plates andextendlng said tongues through correspondingholes in the. adjacent plateand then clamping the tongues upon the adjacent plate. The reinforcingmembers 35 are supportedupon the upper ends of the wings 21 on the innerreinforcements, the wings of the inner reinforcements as well as thewings 18 of the outer reinforcements extending-between the plates 35,-thus preventmg lateral displacenient of said plates and supporting themrigidly in their proper adjustments. The plates thus formed extend fromwall to wall as illustrated inFig. 6, and other series of uprightreinforcements rise above said plates having their wings of doublethickness extending between said plates asv indicated at 39 (Fig. 8). Aseries of horizontal reinforcements 40 is secured to'the lower flanges36 of the plates 35 by means of tongues 41 on said plates 35, andclamping plates &3 which press against the reinforcements 40 and whichhave extensions 4:3 extending between the reinforcements 40. andclamping upon the flanges'136. After the reinforcements 10 have beenthus secured in position a layer of concrete is applied thereto bytrowel the wing 117 of single thickness of the sheet.

or otherwise, said concrete engaging and embeddingthe reinforcements 4:0and the lower flanges 36 of the plates 35. The concrete thus applied. toand embedding the rein forcements 10 is'illustrated in the portion A ofFig. T5. while no concrete has been applied to the portions B.

After the concrete applied iii-this manner has become hardenedaddltional quantities of-concrete are placed "above the same andpermitted to form a monolithic union therewith until the spaces betweenthe reinforcing plates 35 have been filled with the desired'quantity ofconcrete as illustrated in the spaces C in Fig. 6. In this way thebuilding may be constructed to any desired altitude and floors may beprovided as needed. The floors thus constructed merge integrally withthe walls, so that there is really no line of separation between thefloors and walls when the building is completed.

Referringflnext to the structure illustrated in Figs. 13 023 inclusive,it will be noted that this structure includesa centralreinfor-cementcomposed of sheet metal folded to provide four perpendicularly disposedlat eral wings, of which the wings H are of -double thickness and thewinged?) are of single thickness of the sheet. There are also fourcorner reinforcements each of which coinprises a single sheet folded toprovide three perpendicularly disposed lateral wings, of which the wing46 is of double thickness and In-this particular form the cornerreinforcements are connected with the central reinforcements'by a numberof metallic plateslS each of which is doubled upon itself and having itsdouble portion engaged by thearms M) of double thickness on thecornerreinforcements. The. inner extremities of the plates 48 are clamped uponthe arms of the central reinforcements and secured there- 4 to bysuitable fastening devices 49. A series of horizontal reinforcements-50are supported by the corner reinforcements by means of tongues 51 formedon the corners and embracing the parts 50 whereby the latter are clampedagainst the uprights. The adjacent ends of the parts 50 are fastened bya tongue 52 on one of said members extending through a slot in theadjacent end of the next or thesamemember and clamped so as to hold theparts in proper'arrangement. After the reinforcements have been thusarranged a concrete wall 53 is formed by embedding the horizontalreinforcements 50 in concrete and permitting the same to harden orsolidify. After the'eoncrete wail 50 has been formed the space incl'osedthereby may be filled with concrete as will be understood by referenceto Figs. 18 and 21, the concrete filler forming an integral union withthe outer Wall so that the completed structure hasan integral concrete"body having em- -bedded therein the 1 reinforcements as described.

; Figs 18, 19 and 20illustr'atea modified form of corner reinforcements.In this structure the central reinforcements 5,4 are the same as thatillustrated in Fig. 13. Each corner reinforcement comprises a sheetfolded to provide three perpendicularly dised rings, of which the wing55 is of double thickness and the wings 56 are of a single thickness ofthe sheet. Metallic-plates -57. connect the wings of thecentral.reinforcement 54 withv the wings 55, the latter being extendedtoward the center and presenting the wings 56 outwardly for sup {portingthe horizontal reinforcements 50 which are held against the wings 56 bytongues 57 and plates 58. The plates '58 have extensions 59 extendingbetween the reinforcements 50 and clamping upon the wings 56, asillustrated in Fig.20. The concrete wall surface 53 in this embodimentis applied in thesame manner as the concrete forming the wall 53illustrated in F ig.'13, and after the wall has been formed the space isfilled with concrete so as to form a monolithic reinforced'body. v

In Figs. 21, 22.and 23 the central reinforcement 59 is the same as thatillustrated in Fig. 13. The corner reinforcements comprise a sheet bentsubstantially in the form of an I-beam forming two arms 60 of doublethickness and at right angles thereto, an arm 61 also of doublethickness of the sheet,

and two arms 62of single thicknessof'the sheet. In this structure theradial reinforcing plates 63 are. the same as the plates 48, the doubleedges of said plates extending between the walls of the'double arms 61of the corner reinforcements, The horizontal reinforcements 50 in thisembodiment are'supported by tongues 64, and by plates 65, the latterhaving projections 66 extending between the plates 50 and clamping uponthe Wings 60 of doublethickne'ss. After the horizontal reinforcementshave been secured in position in thismanner the outer concrete wall 53is formed byv applying concrete to the reinforcements so as to embed thesame therein and permitting the concrete to harden. After the concretehas hardened and formed the confining outer walls the space inclosed bysaid walls 1s filled with concrete so as to fo" m an integral ormonolithic union with the inclosing walls,

thus providing a solid reinforced concrete post or body.

It will. be understood that there may be variations in the constructionandarrangement of the parts comprising theinventmn without departurefrom the SPlIgt thereof.

\Vhat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: v J

1. In a reinforced concrete structure, an

outer series of upright sheet; metal .reinforcements each comprising asingle sheet folded to provide three perpendicularly disposed lateralwings, one of which wings is of a double and the remaining two of asingle thickness of the sheet, the single wings of the series beingarranged in alinement and the double wings extending inwardly, means forsupporting connecting devices on said wings of single thickness, aninner series of upright sheetv metal reinforcements each comprising asingle sheet folded to provide three perpendicularly disposed lateralwings, one of which wings is of a double and the remaining two of asingle thickness of the sheet, the single wings of the series beingarranged in alinement and adapted to support the connecting devices, andthe double wings extending outwardly toward the double,

wings of double'thickness of both series of upright relnforcements,lateral extensions on said elements abutting against the wings of singlethickness on both serles of upright reinforcements, and'devices bindingsaid extensions in engagement with said wings of single thickness.

2. In a'reinforced concrete structure, an

' outer series of upright reinforcements each comprising a singlesheetof metal folded to provide three perpendicularly disposed lateral.wings, one of which wings is of a double and the remaining two of asingle thickness of the sheet, the wings of single thickness'beingadapted to support the connecting devices, and the wings of doublethickness extending inwardly, an inner series of uprights with the wingsof double thickness of the inner series of uprights, lateral extensionson said elements bearing. against the wings of single thickness on bothseries of uprights and metallic members holding said elementsinengagement with said uprights.

3. In a reinforced concrete structure, an outer series ofuprightreinforcements each comprising asingle metallic sheet folded to providethree perpendicularly disposed lateral wings, one of whichwings is of adouble thicknesszand the remaining two of a single thickness of thesheet, the single 'wings being arranged in alinement, an inner series ofupright reinforcements each comwings of the outer series, metallicelements engaging the series of reinforcements,

edupon the' ends of the wings of single prising at single metallic sheetfolded to provide three prependicularly disposed lateral wings, one ofwhich wings is of adouble thickness extending toward the wings of doublethickness of theouter series of reinforcements, metallic elementsconnecting the wings of double thickness of the outer series of uprightswith the wings of the inner series, and floor supporting members seatedupon the ends of the wings of single thickness of the inner series ofuprights and having spaces receiving the wings of double thickness ofboth series of uprights, whereby said members and said uprights are interlocked.

4. In a reinforced concrete structure,- an outer series of uprightreinforcements each comprising a single metallic sheet folded to providethree perpendicularly, lateral wings, one of .which wings is of doublethickness of the sheet, an inner series of upright reinforcements eachcomprising a single metallic sheet folded to provide threeperpendicularly disposed lateral wings, one of which wings extendstoward the wings of double thickness ofthe floor members seatthicknessof the inner series ofuprights and having spaces receiving the wings ofthe outer series of uprights, and interlocking connection between theinnerv series of uprights and said members. I

5. In a reinforced concrete structure, a series of ,upright sheet metalreinforcements each comprising a metallic sheet folded to provide threeperpendicularly disposed latdisposed outer eral wings, one of whichwings is of a double 1,167 ,eae

thickness and the remaining two of a single thickness of the sheet,anumber of metallic plates-for each of said reinforcements having, theirouter ends connected to the wing of double thickness for holding saidreineach comprising single metallic sheet folded to provide threeperpendicularly disposed lateral wings, one of which wings is of adouble thickness and the remaining two of a single thickness of thesheet, a number. of

metallic plates engaging the wings of double thickness] of saidreinforcements respectively, means rigid position efi'ectivel} toprevent inward or outward movement of said reinforcements, a series ofhorizontal reinforcements encircling said series of uprightreinforcements. and clamping tongues integral with saiduprightreinforcements engaging and holding said horizontal reinforcements inconnection therewith.

In witnesseswhereof, I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

' MIXOR IE.

' ll'itnesscs:

JOHN I). RlPPEY. R. M. Imwnnxcn.

CHAMBERLAIN.

concrete structure, a

for holding said plates in

